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Yo Irregular verbs are exactly what they sound like: a group of verbs which follow the normal conjugation patterns in all cases except the "Yo"  form. 

Remember that all regular present tense -Ar, -Er  and -Ir  verbs are conjugated by removing the -ar, -er,or -ir infinitive endings and adding the correct endings for each conjugation:

1. Hablar
2. Habl---->ar
3. Habl-
4. +one of the endings:  o, as, a, amos, an
we end up with conjugated verbs
Hablo, Hablas, Habla, Hablamos, Hablan.

But some verbs conjugate differently in the Yo form.  They don't simply add "o".
Dar  and Ver  are among the irregular Yo form verbs.  Because they are three letters long, we have to add a bit more back to the Yo form:

1. Ver
2. V---->er
3. V-
4. + one of the endings:  o, es, e, emos, en
5. we end up with: *Vo, ves, ve, vemos, ven
6. We can't have *Vo, (Ir already has "VOy") so we have to add the "e" back in for "yo" :  V + eo ---->
"Veo"

Dar adds the "oy" as do Ser, Ir and Estar.

Dar

Ser

Ir

Estar

Doy Soy Voy Estoy

Some irregular "Yo" verbs like Poner, Salir, Oír  and Hacer  have a "-go"  ending for the "yo"  form. They are often called "-Go verbs".

Others like Conocer, Traducir  and Conducir have a "-zco"  ending for the "yo" form and are called "Z verbs" or "-Zco verbs".

Subject Pronoun Poner Salir Conocer
Yo Pongo Salgo Conozco
Pones Sales Conoces
Él, ella, Usted Pone Sale Conoce
Nosotros Ponemos Salimos Conocemos
Ellos, ellas, Ustedes Ponen Salen Conocen

Saber (to know) has a unique irregular "yo" form, , but is regular in all the other forms of conjugation:

sabes
sabe
sabemos
saben

Some verbs like Oír not only have an irregular Yo form but also have additional changes. 

The yo form is irregular, but so are the other forms. Notice the Nosotros  form stays true to the infinitive form, carrying an accented "í".

  yo Él, ella, Usted Nosotros Ellos, ellas, Uds.
Oír  oigo oyes oye oímos oyen