Irregular Past Participles
Most Past Participles are formed by simply removing the last two letters of the infinitive and adding -ado for -Ar verbs and -ido for -Er and -Ir verbs
But of course there are a some irregulars!
I like to think of them as the "chosen toes" because they end either in "-cho" or "sto/to".
"Cho" Infinitives |
Past Participle |
English meaning |
Decir |
dicho |
said |
Hacer |
hecho |
done, made |
Deshacer |
deshecho |
undone |
Rehacer |
rehecho |
redone |
"Sto" Infinitives |
Past Participle |
English meaning |
Poner |
puesto |
put, placed |
Ver |
visto |
seen |
"To" Infinitives |
Past Participle |
English meaning |
Abrir |
abierto |
opened |
Cubrir |
cubierto |
covered |
Descubrir |
descubierto |
discovered |
Escribir |
escrito |
written |
Morir |
muerto |
[has] died, [is] dead (adjective) |
Romper |
roto |
broken |
And a there are a couple of funky "so" verbs:
Apresar |
preso |
imprisoned |
Imprimir |
impreso |
printed |
Some Past Participles need accent marks
because they are Er or Ir verbs which have stems ending in a vowel.
These Past Participles are formed according
to the regular pattern but need an accent mark on the poodle "i" to keep the "i" sound of "ido." Without an accent mark, the "i" would form a dipthong with the stronger vowel.
Infinitive |
Past Participle |
English meaning |
Caer |
caído |
fallen |
Creer |
creído |
believed |
Leer |
leído |
read |
Oír |
oído |
heard |
Traer |
traído |
brought |